General Procedures

NEW(p) allocate memory for a new data element, set p to address DISPOSE(p) deallocate memory for the element point to by p pointer data type is POINTER TO base_type nil element is NIL

DEC(i) i := i -1, type integer or character DEC(i,n) i := i -n, type integer or character INC(i) i := i +1, type integer or character INC(i,n) i := i +n, type integer or character

EXCL(s,n) exclude integer n from set s INCL(s,n) add integer n to set s

HALT terminate program execution

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