Reflux

Two views of the reflux apparatus are shown below. Note that the condenser and flask are clamped separately. The heating mantle would be raised to heat the apparatus, as shown in the picture on the left. Because the entire apparatus is raised above the level of the table, the heating mantle can be lowered, as shown on the right, to cool the flask quickly. It is very important to include boiling stones in the flask and to plug the heating mantle into a Variac.