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History 213 (Spring 2004): Conquest and Crusade in the Medieval Mediterranean


This course examines life in the Mediterranean from the disintegration of the Roman empire in the fourth and fifth centuries through the Latin Crusades of the Holy Land in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Readings will focus on the various wars and conflicts in the region as well as the political, religious, and social structures of the great Christian and Muslim kingdoms. Attention will also be paid to the cultural and religious diversity of the medieval Mediterranean and the intellectual, literary, and artistic achievements of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish communities.

Books
The following books are available for purchase:
    Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity
    Mark Whittow, The Making of Byzantium
    Ira Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies
    * William McNeill and Marilyn Waldman, The Islamic World
    * Digenis Akritas: The Two-Blood Border Lord
    Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History

The books are also available on reserve, although asterisked (*) books will be used in class.

E-reserves
All primary source texts, with the exception of those in McNeill/Waldman, can be found as e-reserves. Please bring printed copies of the source readings to class.

Requirements and Grading
You will be graded based on the following components:
    One Primary Source Essay (4-5 pages) (20%)
    A Research Paper (10-12 pages)
    Final Paper (30%)
    On-Time Completion of Research Paper Assignments (10%)
    6 Short Response Papers (20%)
    Class Participation (20%)

HIST 213 Course Conference
I have set up a course conference on First Class where you can find the course syllabus, paper topics, instructions for writing papers, and changes in reading assignments. Please be sure to check the conference before doing your readings as I do anticipate some modifications. I will also be posting messages from time to time.

Readings
Please Check Course Conference for Changes in Reading Assignments

I. The End of the Roman Empire: The Germanic Invasions and the Justinian Wars

1/29 Introduction: The Geography of the Eastern Mediterranean
        Mark Whittow, The Making of Byzantinum, chapter 2

2/2 Modern-day Invocations of the Crusades
      Edward Said, Covering Islam, xi-xlviii (reserve)
      Samuel Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations" (http://www.alamut.com/subj/economics/misc/clash.html)

2/5 Constantine the Great and the Christianization of the Roman Empire
      Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity, preface, chapters i-ii, vii
      Eusebius, Life of Constantine (e-reserve)
      Recommended: Averil Cameron, The Later Roman Empire, chapter 4 (reserve)     
      Recommended: Selections from the New Testament (e-reserve)

2/9 The Germanic Invasions of the Fourth and Fifth Centuries
      Brown, chapters ix-xi (recommended: chapter iii)
      Eusebius, In Praise of Constantine, chapters 1-3 (e-reserve)
      Ammianus Marcellinus, Histories, Book 26: 4-5; Book 31: 1-9, 13-16 (e-reserve)

2/12 Monks and Asceticism
      Brown, chapters iv-v, viii (recommended: chapter vi)
      William Cook and Ronald Herzman, The Medieval World View, pp. 42-46 (reserve)
      Athanasius, Life of St. Anthony, chapters 1-15 and chapters 72-80 or 81-92 (e-reserve)

2/19 Justinian I and the Reconquest of Western Provinces
      Brown, chapter xiv
      Whittow, pp. 38-53 and 96-98
      Brown, chapters xii-xiii or Averil Cameron, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, chapter 5 (reserve)
      Procopius, Secret History, chapter XI (e-reserve)
      Recommended: Procopius, History of the Wars, vol. I, pp. 451-73 (e-reserve)

II. The Rise of Islam

2/20 Muhammad and the Rise of Islam
      Ira Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, chapter 2 (recommended: chapter 1)
      Recommended: Whittow, pp. 82-89
      Ibn Ishāq, from Biography of the Messenger of God (McNeill/Waldman)
      Qur'ān (selections) (McNeill/Waldman)
      Mahmoud Ayoub, The Qur'an and Its Interpreters, vol. 2, pp. 1-8, 202-14 (e-reserve)

2/23 The Early Islamic Conquests
      Lapidus, chapter 3
      Constitution of Medina (e-reserve)
      Balādhurī (McNeill/Waldman): read either the capitulation of Khaibar or Najrān

2/26 The Rāshidūn Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty
      Lapidus, pp. 45-55
      Tabarī, Death of Uthman, from The History of Prophets and Kings (McNeill/Waldman)
      Ziyād ibn Abīhī, Inaugural Speech (McNeill/Waldman)
      Hasan al-Basrī, Letter to 'Umar II (McNeill/Waldman)

3/1 The Development of Islamic Theology and the Sharī'a
      Lapidus, pp. 81-87
      Fazlur Rahman, Islam, pp. 1-9 (reserve)
      Shāfi'ī, from The Treatise (McNeill/Waldman)
      Group work:
      Hadīth and Sunna in the Early Period: Rahman, pp. 43, 50-58
      Al-Shāfi'ī and the Development of the Science of Hadīth: Rahman, pp. 43, 58-67
      The Structure of the Sharī'a: Rahman, pp. 68-79
      Law and State: Rahman, pp. 68, 75-84

3/4 The 'Abbasid Caliphate
      Lapidus, pp. 56-66, 94-98
      Tabarī, from The History of Prophets and Kings (McNeill/Waldman)

3/8 Religion and Philosophy in the 'Abbasid Era
      Lapidus, pp. 77-80, 87-94, 99-102 (recommended: pp. 67-77)
      Ash'arī, from Elucidation of Islam's Foundations (McNeill/Waldman)
      Ash'arī (e-reserve)
      Ibn Hanbal (e-reserve)
      Farābī, from Attainment of Happiness (McNeill/Waldman)
      Recommended: 'Abd al-Jabbār al-Mu'tazilī (e-reserve)

III. Byzantine Resurgence and the Turkish Conquests

3/11 The Reign of Basil II, 976-1025
      Whittow, chapter 10
      Michael Psellus on Basil II (e-reserve)

3/15 'Abbasid Decline and the Buyids
      Lapidus, chapter 8
      Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphate, pp. 200-17 (recommended: 217-36) (reserve)
      Jāhiz, Merits of the Turks, pp. 110-19 (McNeill/Waldman)
      Ibn Miskawaih, from Experience of the Nations, pp. 178-80 (McNeill/Waldman)

3/18 Primary Source Paper Due
      In-Class Film: Simon of the Desert (director, Luis Buńuel)

3/29 The Turkish Successor States: Ghaznavids, Qarakhanids, and Saljuks
      Lapidus, pp. 112-25
      Encyclopedia of Islam, articles on Ghaznawids or Karākhānids (Ilek-khāns) or Marshall
      Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, on the Seljuks, vol. II, pp. 42-55
      The Book of Dede Korkut (e-reserve)

IV. Religion and Culture in the Mediterranean, 900-1200

4/1 Islamic Literature
      Marshall Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 444-51 and pp. 451-57 or 457-64 (reserve)
      Tanūkhī, from Ruminations and Reminiscences (McNeill/Waldman)
      Jāhiz, Merits of the Turks, (McNeill/Waldman)
      Mutanabbī, Four Poems (McNeill/Waldman)

4/5 Philosophy and Mysticism
      Ghazālī, Confessions (e-reserve)
      Ibn Rushd, The Decisive Treatise Determining the Nature of the Connection between
      Religion and Philosophy (e-reserve) or
      Maimonides, Guide to the Perplexed (e-reserve)

4/8 Byzantine Literature
      Digenis Akritas: The Two-Blood Border Lord
      Research Questions and Bibliographies Due

V. The Crusades

4/12 The First Crusade: Latin Perpectives
      Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History, pp. 1-34
      Selections from Fulcher of Chartres and Bar Solomon (e-reserve)
      Robert the Monk, Council of Clermont (e-reserve)

4/15 The First Crusade: Byzantine and Muslim Perspectives
      Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives, pp. 31-54 (reserve) or
      Amin Maalouf, The Crusades through Arab Eyes, pp. 3-18, 37-55 (reserve)
      Ibn al-Athir and Anna Comnena (e-reserve)
      Ibn al-Qalānisi in Gabrieli, pp. 24-30 (e-reserve)
      Revised Questions and Bibliographies Due

4/22 The Latin Crusader States, 1096-1204
      Joshua Prawer, Crusader Institutions, pp. 2-8 + pp. 20-35, 85-101, or 201-14 (reserve)
      James Brundage, Crusades: A Documentary History, chapter 5 (e-reserve)

4/26 Muslims and Christians in the Crusader States
      Hillenbrand, pp. 329-36, 354-65 (reserve)
      Usāma, Memoirs (McNeill/Waldman)
      Ibn al-Athīr, Ibn al-Qalānisi, and Sibt Ibn al Jauzi in Gabrieli, pp. 41-48, 56-72 (e-reserve)

4/29 Salah al-Din and the Third Crusade
      Riley-Smith, pp. 109-18
      Maalouf, pp. 176-200 (reserve)
      Ibn al-Athīr and 'Imād ad-Din in Gabrieli, pp. 114-25, 139-47 (e-reserve)
      Recommended: Bahā' ad-Din found in Gabrieli, pp. 87-113 (e-reserve)

5/3 The Fourth Crusade and the Capture of Constantinople
      Riley-Smith, pp. 109-30
      Edward Peters, Christian Society and the Crusades, chapter 1 (e-reserve)
      Rough Draft or Outline for Final Paper Due (optional)

5/6 Journalistic Views of the Crusades
      Andrew Curry, "The First Holy War," U. S. News & World Report, 2002

5/14 Final Papers Due


  • Valerie Ramseyer vramseye@wellesley.edu
  • Created: November, 20, 2004
  • Expires: November, 20, 2007
  • Last Modified: March 15, 2007